/!\ mise à jour en cours de la bdd qui va passer de 500 à 1000 mots
Pour établir l'ancienneté de la séparation entre deux idiomes de langues, Morris Swadesh a proposé de s'appuyer sur une liste de mots qui doivent être universels et non culturels. En d'autres termes, ils doivent se référer à des choses que l'on trouve partout dans le monde et qui sont familières à tous les membres d'une société, et pas seulement à des spécialistes ou à des personnes érudites. En outre, il doit s'agir de concepts généraux facilement identifiables, auxquels peuvent correspondre des termes simples dans la plupart des langues (Swadesh 1952). Bien entendu, il est impossible de concevoir une liste qui fonctionne parfaitement pour toutes les langues, et il faut s'attendre à ce que des questions difficiles se posent parfois. Il est toutefois possible d'y répondre très simplement en omettant l'élément gênant lorsque cela s'avère nécessaire et en complétant la liste de mot qui, dans le contexte culturel travaillé, apparaissent universels. Par exemple, nous pourrions proposer, dans notre contexte sahélien-saharien, le mot chameau et exclure un mot comme glace.
Méthode
Est ici utilisé la liste Swadesh 207 mots. Les traductions sont celles de personnlités dont c'est la langue vernaculaire : Ibrahim Alanga est Isawaghen d'In Gall, Zeinabou Laborie est Igdalen Kel Amdit, Issouf ag Maha est Touareg des Piémonts de l'Aïr. Pour maximiser les possiblités de rapprochement de terme entre deux langues, nous avons en sus utilisé, lorsqu'ils sont disposnibles, les traductions issues du site https://fr.glosbe.com/ . Pour le moment en attendant la complétude de ces données, aucune exemption ou adjoinction n'a été faite.
A partir de cette liste, nous allons calculer le pourcentage de mot similaire entre Tasawaq-Tagdal, Tasawaq-Tamasheq et Tagdal-Tamasheq, puis discuter des résultats, selon la formule des correspondances de swadesh [t = (log c) / (2 log r)] qui, outre ce taux de similitude, inclut également un taux de rétention des mots dans le langage, normalisé à 86%, nous donnant un résultat en nombre de siècle.
%
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
18
16
14
12
10
9
8
7
6
5
siècle
1
2,5
4
5
6,5
8
10
12
14,5
17
19
21,5
25
28,5
33,5
38
40
43
46,5
50
54
57
59,5
63
66,5
70,5
/!\ données encore partielles - A suivre donc ...
Résultats
198 mots composent actuellement notre liste Swadesh
70.7% de mots similaires entre Tasawaq et Tagdal
14.6% de mots similaires entre Tasawaq et Tamasheq
22.2% de mots similaires entre Tasawaq et Tamasheq selon les déclarations des locuteurs de la Tasawaq
20.2% de mots similaires entre Tagdal et Tamasheq
La liste Swadesh
français
tasawaq (par Ibrahim Alanga)
tagdal (par Siliman Ouba)
tamasheq (par Issouf ag Maha)
id
aile
animal
année
arbre
autre
avec
bâton
beaucoup
blanc
boire
bon
bouche
brûler
ceci
cela
cendre
chanter
chasser
chaud
cheveux
chien
ciel
cinq
comment
compter
corde
corne
cou
coudre
couler
couper
court
cracher
crainte
creuser
cœur
dans-dedans
dents
deux
dire
donner
dormir
dos
droit
droite
eau
écorce
émoussé
enfant
entendre
essuyer
et
étoile
étroit
femme
femme (épouse)
fendre
feu
feuille
fleur
foie
forêt
frapper
froid
frotter
fruit
fumée
gauche
genou
gonfler
graine
graisse
grand
gratter
herbe
homme
humain
ici
il
ils
intestins
jambe
jaune
je
jeter
jour
là
lac
langue
large
laver
lier
lisse
loin
long
lourd
lune
main
manger
marcher
mari
mauvais
mer
mère
mince
montagne
mordre
mouillé
mourir
neige
nez
noir
nom
nous
nouveau
nuage
nuit
oiseau
ongle
oreille
os
où
oued
parce que
peau
penser
père
petit
peu
pied
pierre
plein
pluie
plume
poignarder
poisson
poitrine
pou de tête
pourri
pousser
poussière
près
quand
quatre
quelques
queue
qui
quoi
racine
respirer
rire
rond
rouge
route
sable
sale
sang
savoir
se battre
se lever
sec
sel
sentir (nez)
serpent
serrer
si
soleil
souffler
sucer
s’allonger
s’amuser
s’asseoir
tenir
terre
tête
tirer
tomber
tourner
tout
tranchant
trois
tu
tuer
un
venir
vent
ventre
ver de terre
vert
viande
vieux
vivre
voir
voler (oiseau)
vomir
vous
œil
œuf
afraw |
ˈɐfrɐw |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tarsé |
ˈtɐɣsi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guiri |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tougouzi |
tuˈɡuzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afedan |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inda |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bundu |
ˈbundu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bobo |
hɐˈbobo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
korray |
koːɾɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nine |
nin |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wussay |
ahoˈsɛi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mé |
me |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kourkour |
kuɾkuɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aghozi |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inganda |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bosso |
bɐːˈsu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
dane |
ɐbˈdɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
dinkey |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
korno |
ɐkoɾˈno |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
habou |
hɐwˈjo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hansi |
ˈhɐ̃nsi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bénayo |
ˈiɡinɐwɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hamsa |
ˈxɐmsɐ |
Arabe
Your browser does not support the audio element.
misfo |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
keb |
kɛb |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
karfo |
kɐɾˈfo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
askaw |
iskɐwɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guindé |
ˈɡinde |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tatab |
ˈtətɐb |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
moun |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kos |
qos |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
doungoura |
ɐduŋɡuˈɾɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tifaa |
ˈtufːɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hambiri |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
fass |
fɐs |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
woul |
wul |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ammas |
ɐmɐs |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
éssan |
ˈisɛːnɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ahinka |
hiŋˈkɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
har |
hɐɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
na |
nɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kani |
kɐːˈni |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arori |
ɐˈɾoːɾi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yigda |
ɐjiɡˈdɐ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aguil |
ˈɐːɣil |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ari |
ɐːˈɾi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tafirinki |
ˈbɐɾɡi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
soukoufawane |
ɐˈnijiwɐl |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
assabi |
ɐsɐˈbi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
maw |
mow |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
touss |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inda |
əndɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
atri |
ˈɐtri |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
siro |
ɐmɐˈzɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
way |
wɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
way |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
manani |
ˈqoɾɐd |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hourou |
huˈɾu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hanga |
ˈɐlɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
takaw |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tassa |
ˈtɐsːɐ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
agouras |
ɐˈɡoːɾəs |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ker |
kɛɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yéni |
iˈjɛj |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nounougout |
nunuɣut |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tougouzi n’isi |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nounayo |
nunɐˈyo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zelgat |
ˈzɐlɡət |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afoud |
ˈɐːfud |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
founous |
ɐbˈfos |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iri |
ˈsiblɐlɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mani |
mɐːˈni |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
béré |
ɐˈbɛɾe |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zoukmous |
zuɡmuz |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
soubou |
ˈsuːbu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arou |
ˈɐːɾu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aggadum |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
né |
ne |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ingua |
ɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ingui |
i |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adanan |
ˈɐːdɐnɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sé |
sei |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tarwak |
ɐbjɐɾɐɣ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gay |
ɐɣɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
fur |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guirbi |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
né |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
agaraw |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ilis |
ˈiːləs |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
téfé |
ajilˈwɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
himey |
ˈhimɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
koubay |
hɐw |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
souloufane |
səmoqmoq |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mar |
mɐɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
koukou |
ɐkuˈku |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sino |
ɐsiˈno |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
handou |
hɐnˈdu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kemba |
ˈkɐmbɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wa |
wɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zida |
ziˈdɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arou |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
a ni wussay |
ɐnoːˈsɛi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
agaraw |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nana |
ˈnɐːnɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mazi |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
takasor |
ɐˈkɐswɐɾ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nem |
nɐm |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
taye |
tɐi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
boun |
bun |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
idergazan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
niné |
ˈniːne |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bibi |
ɐˈbiːbi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mane |
mɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iri |
Iɾi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tagui |
abtɐːˈɡi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tagnaw |
ˈtɐɡnɐw |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sigui |
ˈsiɡi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
seraw |
ˈsɛɾɐw |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
asker |
ˈɐskɐɾ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hanga |
ˈhɐŋɡɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
binzi |
biˈzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
man |
mɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aghazer |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
oroga |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kourou |
kuːˈɾu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hangoué |
ˈsədəɾɡən |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
baba |
ˈbæːbɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kitta |
hɐkɐˈtɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kitta |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sé |
sei |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tanzi |
ˈtonsi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ab tan |
ɐbton |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
siringui |
siɾiŋˈɡi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afraw |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
toum |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kifi |
ˈkiːfi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tadimar |
ˈidmɐːɾɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guani |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
founbo |
jiɡˈbɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
direy |
dəɾɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
abakko |
ˈɐbɐqo |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guiéré |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mandafo |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
atassi |
tɐːˈsi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
quéno |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tasbet |
ˈtazbat |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
may |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
missine |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ékio |
ˈikɛːwɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sounfous |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gorgor |
ɡoɾɡoɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bouloulougan |
ɐblulɐɣɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sidday |
siˈdɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
taray |
ˈtarɛi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ganda |
ɐzɐˈzul |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zirguinan |
ɐziˈbi ɐˈziɾɡin |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kouzi |
kuːˈzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
baye |
bɛi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gourgoué |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tounou |
tuˈnu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kogho |
ɐqoq |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
siiri |
ˈsiːɾi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sinsik |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guensi |
ˈɡonsi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yizman |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inda |
əndɐhɐɣose |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wayna |
ˈwɛinɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
founous |
fuˈnus |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sounsoum |
ɐbsumsum |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sirguiéré |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
har |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
goro |
|
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kemba |
kɐmˈbɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ganda |
ˈɡɐndɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bangho |
ˈbɐŋɣo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zakat |
ɐbˈjiɾkəb |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kene |
kɐn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
milili |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ingaka |
iŋɡɐˈqɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yiwalan |
ɐjiˈwɐl |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ahinza |
hinˈzɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ni |
nə |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wy |
wi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afo |
ɐˈfoːdɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
koykat |
koikɐt |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hiyaw |
ˈhijɛw |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
goungou |
ɡuŋˈɡu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
noni |
noːˈne |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
firizi |
fiˈɾizi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hamou |
ˈhɐːmu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zono |
ɐzunu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
houna |
ɐbhuˈnɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gouna |
ɡuˈnɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sat |
sot |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yar |
jɐɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
indi |
indi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mo |
mo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gongori |
ɡoŋɡoˈɾi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afraw |
ˈɐfrɐw |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
alman |
ˈtəɣse |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
jiri |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tougouji |
tuˈɡuzu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
akid |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bouddou |
bunˈdu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
haboubou |
boˈbo |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
khoray |
koːɾɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nin |
nin |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kane |
ahoˈsɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mé |
me |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kuɾkuɾ |
kuɾkuɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
siri |
boːˈʃi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tadale |
təˈdɐːle |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gimer /egmir |
ɡiˈmɐɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
khora |
koˈ r ɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
habou |
hɐːˈbɛn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hanchi |
ˈhɐ̃ ʃi |
sonrai
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ougounone béna |
iˈɡinːɐwɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
soummoss |
sɐˈmos |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mamisgho |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
achoudoun |
ʃeːdɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
karfo |
kɐɾˈfo |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essik |
iskɐwɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
jindi |
ʒinˈde |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tibtab |
ˈtətɐb |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
moun |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
khoss |
qos |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
douggoura |
duŋɡuˈɾɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
soutouf |
ˈsuːtuf |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yarda |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
fass |
fɐs |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aoul |
wul |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ammas |
ɐmːɐs |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echen |
ˈiʃɛːnɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ahikka |
hiŋˈkɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
har |
hɐɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
na |
nɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kani |
kɛːˈni |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arori |
ɐˈɾoːɾi |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zilagh |
ɐjiˈɣɐd |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aghil |
ˈɐːɣil |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
erane |
ɛːˈɾɛn |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tachché |
bɐɾˈɡi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
Ibsoukoufou |
ɐˈniːˈwɐl |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
izé |
ˈize |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mow |
mow |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
touss |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inda |
əndɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
atri |
ˈɐtri |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
digguiz |
hɐnəmiˈziːlil |
tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
way |
wɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chiffichkir |
səfəqət |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hourou |
huːˈɾu |
Tagdal
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tafléwt |
ˈɐlɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tassa |
ˈtəsɐ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afay |
ɐˈɡoːɾɐs |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kar |
kɐɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yéy |
jɛj |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
firfir |
nənəɾi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nanou |
nuːˈnu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zalgate |
ˈzɐlɡɐt |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afoud |
ˈɐfud |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essikouf |
ɐɡˈfus |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tawadak |
ˈʃibləlɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mani |
mɐːˈni |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wargha |
wɐɾˈɣɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zigmiz |
zəɡməz |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aloumouz |
suːˈbu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arou |
ɐːˈɾu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
amoudar |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
né |
nɛ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ingua |
ɐb |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iggua |
ib |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adaanan |
ˈɐːdɐnɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tawragh |
hɐˈɾɐɣɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ghay |
ɐɣɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
fourr |
ɐbfuɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
jaghji |
zɐɣˈzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
né |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ilis |
ˈiːləs |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yélouwa |
jilˈwɐ |
tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
himiy |
ˈhiːmi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
haw |
hɐw |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
taslaf |
səmɐɣmɐɣ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mori |
moɾ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
koukou |
kuˈku |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chin |
haɣoʃiniːnɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hanji |
hɐnˈzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kamba |
kɐmˈbɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
waa |
wɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
jidda |
ziˈdɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
annarou |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
ɐnəhoˈsɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aguaraw |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ninna |
niˈnɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mayda |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
akachwar |
ɐˈkɐʃwɐɾ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
name |
nɐm |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
taye |
tɐi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
boun |
bun |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chinjar |
ˈʃinʒɛɾ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bibbi |
hɐˈbiːbi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mane |
mɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iri |
iɾi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tanayt |
ɛiˈnɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tagnaw |
ˈtɐɡnɐw |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chiji |
ʒiːˈʒi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chiraw |
ɐɡdɐd |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
achkar |
ˈɐʃkɐɾ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hanga |
hɐŋˈɡɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
biji |
biˈʒi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mane |
mɐnːe |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hagua |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
courou |
kuːˈɾu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
médran |
ˈsəmədɾɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bibba |
ɐˈɣɐmbɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chana |
sɐːˈnɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hachana |
sɐːˈnɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ché |
ʃe |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tonji |
ˈtonzi |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
toon |
ton |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chinji |
sinˈzi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
kiˈfi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tadamar |
ˈidmɐːɾɐn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
guéni |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
foubbou |
fumˈbu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
n’itig |
ɐˈbəntəɡ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aboqa |
ɐˈboqːɐ |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nagana |
mɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
immé |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
attachi |
ɐtɐːˈʃi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
tɐˈzɐŋɡɐz |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mayy |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
michi |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ékaw |
ˈikɛːwɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sinfiss |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gargor |
ɡɐɾɡoɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
hɐɡəˈləlutɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chidi |
ʃiˈdi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tarayt |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
azezil |
ɐˈmɐzɐzul |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
jirguine |
ʒiɾˈɡɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
coudou |
kuːˈdu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
béy |
bɛi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zokh |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tounou |
tuˈnu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
khok |
qoq |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chiri |
ʃiːˈɾi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gonchi |
ˈɡonʃi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
assass |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
ˈɐmɐkːɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wayni |
wɛiˈni |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
souhoud |
fur |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ilmime |
sumum |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
chirguéra |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
harhor |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gora |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kanba |
kɐmˈbɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ganda |
ˈɡɐndɐ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
bongho |
bɐŋˈɣo |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
irkib |
ɐˈbəɾkəb |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kane |
kɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
simmililiy |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ankoulou |
kulːu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iwalane |
ɐjiˈwɐl |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
karad |
kɐˈɾɐd |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nine |
nə |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ouiw |
wi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afo |
ɐˈfoːdɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
té |
koikɐt |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hiyaw |
hiˈjɛw |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
goungou |
ɡuŋˈɡu |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
tɐˈwuke |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tazawzawt |
hɐˈdɐːlɐtɐn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hamou |
hɐːˈmu |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
amghar |
ʒɛn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iddir |
ɐbəˈdɐɾ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gouna |
ɡuˈnɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
satt |
sɐt |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
jɐːˈɾɐ |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inji |
ɐnʒi |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mo |
moʔ |
Sonraï
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tafoul |
tɐˈful |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
afraou |
ɑ̀frew |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
alhayaou |
i-rə̀zzej-æn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
awatay |
ɑ-wǽtɑy |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echik |
ɑ́-šəkk |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
hadan |
hǽd̩-æn |
Your browser does not support the audio element.
akid |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tbourik |
i-bòrəy-æn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yaguen |
ajjen |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mallan |
mellan |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tessè |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
imolan |
i-mə̀llɑl-æn |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
imi |
é-mm |
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ekhad |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
way you |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
wa hou |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ezid |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
assatagh |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
agamar |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yikous |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inzadan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iji |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ajinna |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
soumos |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
mininka |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echoudin |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aghan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
issik |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iri |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
azamay |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
angui |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
agadam |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
gouzoulan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essoutif |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tiksida |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
eghaz |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aoul |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
digh |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echen |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ichin |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tinna |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tiffa |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ediss |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arori |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ezal |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aghil |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aman |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
taché |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essikifou |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
barar |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tessalé |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yila emam |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
inten |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
atri |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yidgaz |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tamtit |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tamtit |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essirri |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
temsé |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ala |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tekawkawt |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tassa |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
efay |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ewat |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essamed |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
efirfir |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
arrawan |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aouwa |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zalgat |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
oufoud |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ekaf |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tawadak |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tedint |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ziwiran |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ezikmiz |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
akassa |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
elis |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
awidin |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
dé |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
i |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
i |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adanan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adar |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
araghan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
i |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
egar |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ijil |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
dé |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essiwi |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
iliss |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yelwan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echourid |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
assagh |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
souloufan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
igagui |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
zagren |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yazay |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tellit |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
oufous |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tèttè |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
teklé |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
elis |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yighdoud |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
egaraw |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
anna |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
sididan |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adghagh |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
edad |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
yibdag |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tamatant |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
|
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tinjart |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
kawalan |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
issin |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
nikini |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
izeriy |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tagot |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
ehad |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
aguijid |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echkar |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
tandirik |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
eghas |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
indé |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
echel |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
fel ass |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
egachek |
|
Tamasheq
Your browser does not support the audio element.
essimidrin |
|
Your browser does not support the audio element.
adda |
|
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mitcikan |
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adar |
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ekadé |
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yikar |
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ajina |
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afraou |
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edag |
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edmir |
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tchilek |
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yigba |
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anatag |
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abokha |
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dagama |
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oumé |
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oukoz |
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wiyad |
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tazbat |
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a |
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mamos |
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ekeou |
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tadaza |
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tazouakh |
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tarayt |
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yijirgane |
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ezni |
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iyan |
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addou |
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tediss |
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tiwiké |
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zawzawane |
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wacharnin |
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toumoudourt |
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migga |
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ibissi |
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kouni |
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171
131
44
196
866
867
506
469
311
361
321
4
362
868
914
526
366
367
564
11
132
107
283
472
370
530
178
12
372
873
373
125
375
554
376
34
473
5
280
381
382
383
18
323
103
80
197
331
273
388
874
476
81
123
250
811
396
82
198
213
35
96
398
568
465
840
84
104
22
399
200
175
121
467
201
249
618
105
609
611
36
38
308
607
400
79
869
99
6
124
403
435
320
106
126
319
102
25
437
438
822
322
789
252
825
85
441
332
442
913
3
310
269
574
324
86
54
151
27
2
30
87
97
853
29
875
251
122
852
23
88
327
55
793
876
165
15
166
328
450
89
91
486
282
846
172
487
488
199
877
461
127
307
221
92
325
31
405
880
408
326
556
881
163
882
915
93
416
417
878
462
879
418
94
10
419
421
883
479
330
281
608
425
279
427
95
16
164
309
174
272
429
430
432
434
610
1
173
Références
Swadesh M. 1952 – Lexico-Statistic Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts: With Special Reference to North American Indians and Eskimos, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 96 (4), p. 452‑463. Dictionnaire Glosbe - Toutes les langues réunies dans un même endroit - https://fr.glosbe.com/